Patterns & Reasoning

Depth · one concept from first principles · step 2 of 4

Run the sum rule backwards on unit fractions

In this triangle each row starts and ends with 1/n for row n, and every number is the sum of the two numbers just below it. We must find the hidden entries 1/A in row 7 and 1/B, 1/C in row 8.
1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 6 1 3 1 4 1 12 1 12 1 4 ⋮ 1 7 1 A … 1 7 1 8 1 B 1 C … 1 8
Number system
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Work Backwards — The rule builds a number from the two below it, so turn it around: a number below equals the number above minus its neighbor. Start where everything is known, at the left edge, and work inward one entry at a time.
1STEP 1

Find 1/A from row 6

Row 6 starts with 1/6, and below it are 1/7 and 1/A. So 1/6 = 1/7 + 1/A; subtract to undo the sum, using the common denominator 42.

1/A = 1/6 - 1/7 = (7-6)/42 = 1/42
2STEP 2

Find 1/B the same way

Below the 1/7 that starts row 7 are 1/8 and 1/B.

1/B = 1/7 - 1/8 = (8-7)/56 = 1/56
3STEP 3

Find 1/C under 1/A

Below 1/A = 1/42 are 1/B = 1/56 and 1/C. The least common multiple of 42 and 56 is 168.

1/C = 1/42 - 1/56 = (4-3)/168 = 1/168
4STEP 4

Add

Add the three denominators.

42 + 56 + 168 = 266
Answer
266
Check the sums go back up: 1/56 + 1/168 = (3+1)/168 = 1/42 and 1/7 + 1/42 = (6+1)/42 = 1/6. Both match the rule.
Takeaway

If a rule adds two numbers to make a third, subtracting runs it backwards.

  • Find 1/A from row 6
  • Find 1/B the same way
  • Find 1/C under 1/A
  • Add
Where next?
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▶ Practice — 12 problems

The same shape shows up later on the AMC, as Arithmetic Expression Decomposition, Geometric Series Share, Lattice / Grid Pattern from Small Cases. Why the shapes repeat →