Operations & Word Problems

Depth · one concept from first principles · step 2 of 4

Track the salt through each pour

Two beakers of 800 g saltwater exchange half their contents, first A to B, then B to A. The final strengths are 12% in A and 8% in B. Find the starting strengths a% and b%.
ExpressionsRatios
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Convert to Algebra — Break the process into its two pours and, after each one, record both the total saltwater and the grams of salt in each beaker. The final concentrations then turn into two equations in a and b.
1STEP 1

Start with grams of salt

a% of 800 g is 8a g of salt, and b% of 800 g is 8b g.

a/100 × 800 = 8a, b/100 × 800 = 8b
2STEP 2

First pour: A to B

Half of A is 400 g carrying 4a g of salt. A keeps 400 g with 4a g of salt; B now has 1200 g with 4a + 8b g of salt.

A: 400 g, 4a g salt; B: 1200 g, (4a + 8b) g salt
3STEP 3

Second pour: B to A

Half of B, 600 g, carries 2a + 4b g of salt. A ends with 1000 g and 6a + 4b g of salt; B keeps 600 g and 2a + 4b g.

A: 1000 g, (6a + 4b) g salt; B: 600 g, (2a + 4b) g salt
4STEP 4

Turn the final strengths into equations

12% of 1000 g is 120 g and 8% of 600 g is 48 g.

6a + 4b = 120, 3a + 2b = 60; 2a + 4b = 48, a + 2b = 24
5STEP 5

Solve

Subtract the second equation from the first, then substitute.

2a = 36, a = 18; 18 + 2b = 24, b = 3
Answer
a = 18, b = 3
A starts with 144 g of salt and B with 24 g. After the first pour A has 72 g in 400 g and B has 96 g in 1200 g. Half of B, 600 g with 48 g of salt, goes to A: A has 120 g in 1000 g, which is 12%; B keeps 48 g in 600 g, which is 8%.
Takeaway

With mixtures, follow the grams of salt step by step -- the percentages only come back at the very end.

  • Start with grams of salt
  • First pour: A to B
  • Second pour: B to A
  • Turn the final strengths into equations
  • Solve
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