Operations & Word Problems

Depth · one concept from first principles · step 2 of 4

Write the solution in terms of the constant

The values of xx and yy that satisfy the system of equations x+y=10x+y=10, y+z=6y+z=6, z+x=az+x=a are both positive. Find the range of values of the constant aa.

Expressions
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Convert to Algebra — Each variable appears in exactly two of the three equations, so adding all three gives the total x+y+z at once. Subtracting each original equation from that total isolates one variable in terms of a. The positivity conditions then become two linear inequalities in a.
1STEP 1

Add all three equations

Every variable appears twice in the sum.

2(x+y+z) = 10 + 6 + a → x + y + z = 8 + a/2
2STEP 2

Isolate x and y

Subtract y+z=6 from the total to get x, and subtract z+x=a to get y.

x = 8 + a/2 - 6 = 2 + a/2, y = 8 + a/2 - a = 8 - a/2
3STEP 3

Require x > 0

Solve the inequality for a.

2 + a/2 > 0 → a/2 > -2 → a > -4
4STEP 4

Require y > 0 and combine

Solve the second inequality, then keep the values of a that satisfy both.

8 - a/2 > 0 → a < 16, so -4 < a < 16
Answer
-4 < a < 16
Try a=0, inside the range: x=2, y=8, z=-2, and indeed 2+8=10, 8+(-2)=6, -2+2=0. At the endpoints a=-4 gives x=0 and a=16 gives y=0, which are not positive, so the endpoints are excluded.
Takeaway

Express the solution in terms of the constant first; then any condition on the solution becomes a condition on the constant.

  • Add all three equations
  • Isolate x and y
  • Require x > 0
  • Require y > 0 and combine
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