Geometry & Figures

Depth · one concept from first principles · step 2 of 4

Use congruence to find lengths for area

In the figure, quadrilateral ABCDABCD and quadrilateral EFCGEFCG are congruent. Find the area, in cm2\text{cm}^2, of quadrilateral ABCDABCD.

The figure consists of a lower trapezoid ABCDABCD and a congruent quadrilateral EFCGEFCG tilted above and to its right; the two quadrilaterals share vertex CC. In trapezoid ABCDABCD, the bottom side BC‾\overline{BC} has length 20 cm20\ \text{cm}. Point HH lies on the top side ADAD with AH‾=8 cm\overline{AH}=8\ \text{cm}, and the right side DC‾=6 cm\overline{DC}=6\ \text{cm}. In the upper quadrilateral EFCGEFCG, side EF‾=9 cm\overline{EF}=9\ \text{cm}. Quadrilateral HGCDHGCD is a square.

A B C D E F G H 8 cm 20 cm 6 cm 9 cm
GeometryMeasurement & data
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Identify Subproblems — The area formula for a trapezoid needs the two parallel sides and the height. I do not yet have the full top side AD or the height directly, so I break the figure into pieces: use the square HGCD to recover the missing top piece HD and the height, then add AH to get AD, then apply the trapezoid area formula. Marking the square's equal sides on the diagram keeps the lengths straight.
1STEP 1

Use the square to find the height and the missing top piece

HGCD is a square with DC = 6 cm, so every side is 6: the height HG and the top piece HD alike.

HD = HG = GC = DC = 6 cm
2STEP 2

Find the full top side AD

Point H sits on the top side AD, splitting it into AH and HD. Add the two pieces to get the whole top side.

AD = AH + HD = 8 + 6 = 14 cm
3STEP 3

Apply the trapezoid area formula

With parallel sides 14 and 20 and height 6, the area is (14 + 20) x 6 divided by 2 = 102.

(14 + 20) × 6 ÷ 2 = 34 × 6 ÷ 2 = 102 cm²
Answer
102 cm²
The answer is an area, so square centimeters is the right unit. The trapezoid is wider than the 6-by-6 square (whose area is 36), so an area of 102 cm² is sensibly larger and is between a 14-by-6 rectangle (84) and a 20-by-6 rectangle (120), exactly as expected for a trapezoid with those parallel sides.
Takeaway

Find the hidden side lengths from the square first, then the trapezoid area is just the two parallel sides added, times the height, halved.

  • Use the square to find the height and the missing top piece
  • Find the full top side AD
  • Apply the trapezoid area formula
Where next?
Another one like thissuggested

A parent dashboard for the family lives at sensimlab.com.

▶ Practice — 12 problems

The same shape shows up later on the AMC, as Paper Fold-and-Cut Symmetry. Why the shapes repeat →