Geometry & Figures

Depth · one concept from first principles · step 2 of 4

Area bisectors of a square pass through its center

A line through the point P(1, 3/2) inside the square with corners (0, 0), (4, 0), (4, 4), (0, 4) cuts the square into two pieces of equal area. We need the equation of that line.
xy P(1, 3/2) O 4 1 A B(4, 4) C 4 3/2
FunctionsGeometry
Your answer
How to solve
Strategy Draw a Diagram — Draw the square and notice it is symmetric about its center: turning it halfway around the center (2, 2) lands it on itself. Any line through the center splits it into two matching halves, and a line that misses the center cannot split it evenly. So the center is the missing second point, and two points fix the line.
1STEP 1

Find the center

The diagonals of the square meet at the midpoint of O(0, 0) and B(4, 4).

((0+4)/2, (0+4)/2)=(2, 2)
2STEP 2

Why the line must pass through the center

A line through the center splits the square into two half-turn copies; any other line is off by a strip. So l passes through (2, 2).

3STEP 3

Slope through two points

Line l passes through P(1, 3/2) and (2, 2).

(2-3/2)/(2-1)=1/2
4STEP 4

Find the y-intercept

Write y=(1/2)x+b and substitute x=2, y=2.

2=1/2 × 2+b, b=1
Answer
y=(1/2)x+1
At x=0 the line is at y=1 (on side OC) and at x=4 it is at y=3 (on side AB). The two pieces are trapezoids with parallel sides 1 and 3 (left/bottom piece) and 3 and 1 (top piece), each of width 4, so each has area 1/2×(1+3) × 4=8, half of 16.
Takeaway

A shape with a center of symmetry is cut in half by exactly the lines through that center.

  • Find the center
  • Why the line must pass through the center
  • Slope through two points
  • Find the y-intercept
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